This is known as the elementary charge, one of the fundamental physical constants. Robert Millikan measured the charge of a single electron. ![]() This was the basis of nuclear energy.Ĭharge of an electron measured (1908-1917) His quanta are now called photons by physicists.Īlbert Einstein, creates special and general theories of relativity, and hypothesizes about the particle nature of light. Max Planck introduced what would be known as quantum theory, stating that electromagnetic energy could only be emitted in quantized form. ![]() JJ Thomson discovers the electron, using properties of cathode rays. Pierre and Marie Curie theorized that radioactive particles cause atoms to break down, then releasing radiation that takes the form of energy and subatomic particles. These rays weren't deflected by a magnetic field produced in the cathode ray tube. Wilhelm Rontgen discovered that certain chemicals glowed when exposed to cathode rays. Sir William Crookes constructed a primitive cathode ray tube, which later became the basis for television. Also proposed that these atoms are spherical, and are in motion. John Dalton, a British chemist and physicist, developed a theory that matter is simply composed of atoms of different weights and is combined in ratios by weight. Democritus, a Greek philosopher, co-originated the thought (with his teacher, Leucippus) that all matter is composed of indivisible elements.
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